Cognitive Behavior therapy/ Reality Therapy

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Who: Developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

form of psychotherapy

•   Therapists use the Cognitive Model to help clients overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses.

• 

  Who:  Donald Meichenbaum, Born 1940 

• Founder of Cognitive Behavior Modification

• Expert in the treatment of PTSD

• Elected by his peers as one of the most influential psychotherapists of the century

• Developed therapy aimed towards cognition and behavior

•  

• Goals of Approach

• Help clients confront faulty beliefs and reduce them

• Find evidence contradictory to those beliefs

• learn to recognize faulty beliefs and confront them

• be aware of automatic thoughts and change them

•  

• Key Concepts

• even though problems may stem from childhood, they are reinforced by present ways of thinking

• the clients belief system is primary cause of disorder

• what a client thinks has a lot to do with what he believes

• Client focus should be on faulty ideas and misconceptions then replace those ideas with correct or effective beliefs

• 

  Techniques     

• A variety of techniques have been successful such as cognitive, emotive and behavioral.

•  needs to be designed to fit individual needs

• therapy needs to be active, directive, person-centered, time limited, psychoeducational and structured

• Client needs to keep records of activities at home and then form alternative thinking.

• help client learn new coping skills

• confront faulty or irrational beliefs and change thinking

• teach client how to perform self-instructional training along with stress reducing techniques

• Links;

• www.beckinstitute.org/

   

 

Reality Therapy

• Who:    William Glasser
• Developed Reality therapy in 1960's
• Rejected Freudian model and held people responsible for their behavior
• Believed in talking to the sane side of a client
• Client controls behavioral choices
• Robert E. Wubbold
• Extended reality therapy with the concept of WDEP system
• Attended workshops by William Glasser
• Introduced Reality and Choice theory in Europe, Asia and Middle East
• 
  Goals of Approach  
• To help client become effective in meeting all of their psychological needs
• Help client to re-establish relations with people they consider important
• Teach client choice theories
• 
  Key Concepts  
• teach client how to evaluate present activities and actions to see if they are working for them
• Do not dwell on the past
• Learn the five basic needs and evaluate if client is able to meet those needs successfully
• Help client have a workable plan in place
• Techniques 
• Skilled questioning 
• Use active and directive dialogue to help client evaluate actions and choices
• teach clients how to design a specific plan for changes and commitment to follow through
• Links;
•     www.csun.edu/~hcpsy002/Psy460_Ch11_Handout2_ppt.pdf

 

 

  

 



Gestalt and Behavior Therapy

Gestalt Therapy

 

  

• Who?  Fritz Perls & Laura Perls
•    Husband and Wife Team
•    He focused on awareness and was the main developer
•    She concentrated on contact and support
• Together they created the theoretical foundations of Gestalt Therapy                 

• Goals of Approach          
•    Help the client strive for wholeness 
•    Integregation of thinking, feeling and behaving
•   Assist clients to help gain awareness of moment to moment    experiences
•    Help them to see that earlier influences are related to present difficulties
• 
     Accept all aspects of themselves          
•    Deal with unfinished business 
 

• Key Concepts
•           Contact with self and others
• Contact Boundaries
• Awareness, personal choice, responsibility
• Grounded in the here and now
• Avoidance
• Energy
• Unfinished business
• holism
• figure formation process

                                                                            

• Techniques
• experiments that intensify experiencing and integragate conflicting feelings
• therapist and client design experiments to develope I/thou dialogue
• work with dreams to help client re-live the dream as if it were happening now
• Guided fantasy to visual an experience client shares and ask how they feel in that moment
• Exaggerate movements of person such as a wife acts like she's mimicing her husbands conversation and then ask client to move like they would. Helps intensify clients feelings

Links: www.ehow.com/list_6907094_gestalt-counseling-techniques.html



Behavior Therapy



 

• Who? B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
•  Skinner was called the Father of  Behavioral approach to Psychology
•  Emphasis on effects of environment on behavior
•  He said humans do not have free choice
•  He also stated that environment can be directly changed and observed but it is harder to see into the minds and motives of behaviors.
• Albert Bandura - Social cognitive theory...how we function as self organization, proactive self, reflective self. Forces that motivate behavior
• Arnold Lazarus - contributed to develpment of behavior therapy

• Goals
• Eliminate maladaptive behaviors                     
• learn more effective behaviors
• Find out how to change problamatic behavior
• Get client to help actively participate in development of treatment goals and how well these goals are being met

• Key Concepts
• product and producer of the environment
• Focus on overt behavior
• Present behavior is given attention
• Based on principles of learning theory
• Normal behavior - learned through reinforcment and imitation
• Abnormal behavior - result of faulty learning

• Techniques
• Reinforcement, shaping, modeling, systematic desensitization
• Relaxation methods
• Flooding
• Eye movement and desensitization reprocessing
• Cognitive restructuring
• Assertion

Links: depts.washington.edu/brtc/links/dbt

            www.behaviorlinks.org/therapyprograms.html